This study quantifies some of the impacts of the environmental impacts of the production processes and use phase of electric two-wheelers and compares them to the environmental impacts of the production processes and use phase of electric two-wheelers and compares them to the environmental impacts of competing modes, including bicycle, buses, motorcycles, and cars. The biggest environmental reservation associated with electric bikes is lead (Pb) pollution. This study discusses emissions from the production processes, lead losses, and use phases of the electric bike and its alternative. The study found that the electric two-wheelers emit several times lower pollution per kilometer than motorcycles and cars, have comparable emission rates to buses and have higher emission rates than bicycles.

Publication:
Comparative environmental impacts of electric bikes in China